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ID # 18

Dung beetles help cycle nutrients in grazed land
Its a dirty job, but if they donlt do it, grazed land productivity goes down for plants and grazing mammals.

STEM Standard addressed: LS2A - Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems


Appropriate Grade Level(s)
  • All
Materials are best used for
  • Classroom Lectures
  • Laboratory Activities
  • Field Lab Courses
  • Distance Education Classes
  • Extension Presentations
  • Website Information
General Course Areas
  • Environmental Science
  • Introduction to Soil Science
  • Soil and Water Management
  • Soil Fertility
  • Soil Microbiology

Category: Fertility & Productivity


Description
"DUNG BEETLES. Certain beetles of the Scarabaeidae family greatly enhance nutrient cycling by burying animal dung in the upper soil horizons. Many of these dung beetles cut round balls from large mammal feces, enabling them to roll the dung balls to a new location (Figure 11.8). The female dung beetle then lays her eggs in the ball of dung and buries it in the soil. Dispersal and burial of the dung not only provides a food source for the beetle larvae, it also protects the nutrients in the manure from easy loss by runoff or volatilization—fates to which the nutrients would most likely succumb if left on the soil surface. Dung beetles therefore play im-portant roles in nutrient cycling and conservation in many grazed ecosystems.
Several thousand different dung beetle species are known worldwide, many having evolved to specialize in the burial of dung from particular mammal species (elephant, cattle, buf-falo, etc.). Rapid burial of dung by beetles also prevents the reproduction of carnivorous flies and other pests of large dung-producing mammals. Where native dung-burying “engineer” species are lacking in a grazed ecosystem (such as a savanna, a prairie, or a pasture), scientists have found that the introduction of appropriate species of dung beetles or earthworms can greatly increase the amount of vegetation produced and the number of grazing animals supported."
Quoted from Weil, R and Brady N. 2016. ORGANISMS AND ECOLOGY OF THE SOIL. Chapter 11 in The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th ed. Pearson Publishing.

Peer Review: No

Credit this item to: Photo by Ray Weil, University of Maryland
Media Date: 2011-01-01
Provided By: Dr. Raymond R. Weil

Postal Code: 20782

Author(s)/Creator(s)

  • * Raymond R Weil
    University of Maryland

Submitted By: Dr. Raymond R. Weil


Keywords

  • volitilization nitrogen loss
  • nitrogen
  • nutriwnt cycling
  • soil biology
  • above-below ground connections
  • manure
  • dung beetle
  • erosion nutrient losses
  • soil fauna

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